The surge in early-onset cancer among people under the age of 50 has emerged as a concerning trend. The revelation of Princess Kate Middleton's diagnosis at 42 years old resonated with individuals around the world and highlighted this serious issue. The onset of cancer at younger ages disrupts the myth that the disease only strikes older populations. Recent findings by the BMJ Oncology and the Journal of the American Medical Association reveal the urgency of addressing this alarming trend.
According to the BMJ Oncology in 2023, there has been a substantial rise in both the occurrence and mortality rates of early-onset cancer. Global incidence of early-onset cancer increased by 79.1 per cent and the number of early-onset cancer deaths increased by 27.7 per cent between 1990 and 2019. Early-onset breast, tracheal, bronchus and lung, stomach and colorectal cancers showed the highest mortality and years lost due to disability (DALYs) in 2019. Further analysis, as reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association, points to breast cancer as the leading type among younger individuals in the United States, while rates of gastrointestinal cancers were rising the fastest.
The demand for preventative healthcare technologies and services has increased, owing to growing awareness among individuals about the benefits of preventative healthcare and the importance of regular health check-ups. Preventative health care can be more cost-effective eventually, making it an attractive option for both healthcare providers and payers. The market potential for preventative screening and chemotherapy remains strong. The preventive healthcare technologies and services industry size was US$251.2 billion in 2023 and is estimated to reach US$605.3 billion by 2032.
The surge in early-onset cancer cases highlights the need for deeper insights into its causes and the identification of high-risk groups. Exposure to carcinogens in air, water and food, as well as occupational hazards, contribute to growing cases of cancer.
Dr. Deborah Mukherji, Consultant Medical Oncologist, Clemenceau Medical Center Hospital in Dubai, explains: "Cancer is more common in older people however we are seeing a rise in early-onset cancers globally. Early-onset cancers can be due to multiple factors including genetics, environmental and other exposures. Several potentially modifiable risk factors have been identified such as diet, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, physical activity and obesity."
Dr. Deborah Mukherji, Consultant Medical Oncologist, Clemenceau Medical Center Hospital
Dr. Mukherji highlights that early detection aims to diagnose cancers when they are localised and more likely to be curable. "Screening for cancers such as cervical cancer in women with PAP smear tests and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) testing is critically important, as is promoting HPV vaccination as a preventative strategy. Screening tests for breast cancer generally start at 40 and colon cancer at 45, however cancer awareness at any age is vital to encourage younger patients to seek medical attention early for any changes in the body they are worried about. Examples include new breast lumps, testicular lumps in men and anyone with unexplained rectal bleeding."
There are various measures young people can take to reduce their risk of developing cancer. Dr Mukherji says recommendations for everyone include avoiding smoking in all forms, avoiding excess alcohol, avoiding excess sun exposure, and maintaining a healthy weight through keeping active and eating a balanced diet. Other important advice includes checking if the HPV vaccination is relevant, knowing the family history of cancer and discussing the recommended age to start screening investigations.
As the prevalence of early-onset cancer continues to rise, concerted efforts are required to raise awareness, promote healthy lifestyle choices and enhance preventive measures among younger populations around the world. Preventative screening and chemotherapy are vital tools in the fight against this disease. These interventions not only aid in early detection but also play a role in reducing mortality rates and improving overall outcomes. Preventative screening includes diagnostic tests and procedures designed to detect cancer at its earliest stages or identify individuals at high risk. From mammograms for breast cancer to colonoscopies for colorectal cancer, these screenings enable healthcare providers to intervene proactively. This often leads to more successful treatment outcomes and improved quality of life.
Chemoprevention involves the use of medications to reduce the risk of developing cancer or prevent its recurrence in individuals who are considered at high risk due to factors such as family history. Preventative chemotherapy is recommended for some patients with a cancer diagnosis following surgery to prevent recurrence. These medications work by disrupting the growth and division of cancer cells, thereby inhibiting their spread throughout the body. Systemic therapy for cancer includes chemotherapy, immunotherapy and hormonal therapy to target and destroy cancer cells, either as a standalone treatment or alongside surgery and radiation therapy. Advancements in systemic therapy regimens and supportive care have significantly enhanced its efficacy while minimising adverse effects. Investments in innovative technologies, personalised treatment approaches and accessible healthcare infrastructure are essential to improve cancer care outcomes worldwide.
References available on request.
